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Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard (born 11 June 1932) is a South African playwright, novelist, actor, and director who writes in English. He is best known for his political plays opposing the system of apartheid and for the 2005 Academy Award-winning film of his novel ''Tsotsi'', directed by Gavin Hood. Fugard is an adjunct professor of playwriting, acting and directing in the Department of Theatre and Dance at the University of California, San Diego.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Athol Fugard )〕 For the academic year 2000–2001, he was the IU Class of 1963 Wells Scholar Professor at Indiana University, in Bloomington, Indiana.〔 (RealAudio clip of interview.)〕 The recipient of many awards, honours, and honorary degrees, including the 2005 Order of Ikhamanga in Silver "for his excellent contribution and achievements in the theatre" from the government of South Africa. He is also an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fellows )〕 ==Personal history== Fugard was born as Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard, in Middelburg, Eastern Cape, South Africa, on 11 June 1932. His mother, Marrie ( Potgieter), an Afrikaner, operated first a general store and then a lodging house; his father, mvuyo nkcosolwana, was a disabled former jazz pianist of Irish, English and French Huguenot descent.〔〔Fisher gives Fugard's full birth name as "Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard", spelling Fugard's middle name as ''Lanigan'', following Dennis Walder, ''Athol Fugard'', Writers and Their Work (Tavistock: Northcote House in association with the British Council, 2003). It is spelled as ''Lannigan'' in Athol Fugard, ''Notebooks 1960–1977'' (New York: Theatre Communications Group, 2004) and in Stephen Gray's ''Athol Fugard'' (Johannesburg and New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982) and many other publications. The former spelling (single ''n'') seems more authoritative, however, as it is also used by Marianne McDonald, a close UCSD colleague and friend of Fugard, in ("A Gift for His Seventieth Birthday: Athol Fugard's ''Sorrows and Rejoicings''" ), Department of Theatre and Dance, University of California, San Diego, rpt. from ''TheatreForum'' 21 (Summer/Fall 2002); in Fugard's National Orders Award (27 September 2005) from the government of South Africa, presented to "Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard (1932 –)"; and in his "Full Profile" in ''Who's Who of Southern Africa'' (2007).〕 In 1935, his family moved to Port Elizabeth.〔 (Google Books limited preview.)〕 In 1938, he began attending primary school at Marist Brothers College. After being awarded a scholarship, he enrolled at a local technical college for secondary education and then studied Philosophy and Social Anthropology at the University of Cape Town,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Boesman and Lena – Author Biography )〕 but he dropped out of the university in 1953, a few months before final examinations.〔 He left home, hitchhiked to North Africa with a friend, and then spent the next two years working in east Asia on a steamer ship, the ''SS Graigaur'',〔 where he began writing, an experience "celebrated" in his 1999 autobiographical play ''The Captain's Tiger: a memoir for the stage''.〔 (Google Books limited preview.)〕 In September 1956, he married Sheila Meiring, a University of Cape Town Drama School student whom he had met the previous year.〔 Now known as Sheila Fugard, she is a novelist and poet. Their daughter, Lisa Fugard, is also a novelist. Following his separation with his wife, Fugard is now in a relationship with Paula Fourie.〔 The Fugards moved to Johannesburg in 1958, where he worked as a clerk in a Native Commissioners' Court, which "made him keenly aware of the injustices of apartheid."〔 His best friend, father of four, Dennis Scarr, lived in Port Elizabeth and was actively involved in the anti-apartheid struggle along with his wife, Mary Scarr, in the 1960s, until they were silenced after the state threatened their children. The political impetus of Fugard's plays brought him into conflict with the national government; to avoid prosecution, he had his plays produced and published outside South Africa.〔〔 A former alcoholic, Athol Fugard has been teetotal since the early 1980s. For several years Fugard lived in San Diego, California, where he taught as an adjunct professor of playwriting, acting, and directing in the Department of Theatre and Dance at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD).〔〔 (Topics'' menu includes link to UCSD YouTube clip of Athol Fugard's lecture, "A Catholic Antigone: an episode in the life of Hildegard of Bingen", Eugene M. Burke C.S.P. Lectureship on Religion and Society, University of California, San Diego (UCSD). )〕 In 2012 Fugard relocated to South Africa, where he now lives permanently. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Athol Fugard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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